Disclaimer: This is just being posted as is.
I couldn't get the image sizes corrected,
nor could I get them to line up with the text.
The picture captions should be as follows:
Image One; Onion Root Tip 40X
Image Two; Cheek Smear 40X
Image Three; Cheek Smear 4X
Lab Write-Up; How to Use a Microscope
The use of a microscope enables us to understand how cells function. As early as 1595 the first microscopes were being produced. In 1660 significant improvements were made upon the original instrument. At this time microscopes were used to prove theories such as blood circulation and to research plant life. Microscopes have enabled realizations that could not have been made relying solely on the human eye. The microscope is a tremendous aid in researching human biology.
The following is a slide of a cheek smear being viewed at 40X. (Image One should be here).
Human cheek cells are fairly large and are an easy-to-obtain example of animal cells. (tweed.olemiss.edu/nmgk12/curriculum/elementary/fourth/microscopeandcells.doc).
The controls of a microscope can be adjusted accurately when looking both at and through the microscope.
It is best to adjust the stage and objectives when looking at the microscope.
The focus, iris, and oculars should all be adjusted when looking through the microscope.
The coarse focus knob moves the stage fast, while the fine focus knob moves more slowly. The coarse focus knob should be used to elevate the stage to the highest position possible, while first looking at the microscope. The fine focus knob can be used when looking through the viewfinder in order to sharpen the image of the specimen.
The iris controls the amount of light that can enter through to the slide. In order to brighten the image the iris should be opened. In order to darken the image, the iris should be more closed.
The oculars can be set evenly to begin and can then be fit to the face by moving in and out. The eyes of the viewer should be kept about three quarters of an inch away from the oculars. The oculars magnify the image for the viewer.
Lastly, the objectives determine the magnification of a specimen and the resolution at which the detail of the object can be seen. A smaller objective will result in a smaller amount of detail, as shown below. Compare this view of a cheek smear at 4X to the first cheek smear, viewed at 40X. The objectives are changed simply by rotating the dial.
Cheek smear viewed at 4X: (Image Three should be here).
Cheek smear viewed at 40X (Image Two should be here).
Several Nobel Prizes have been awarded to those who have used the microscope for the purpose of studying human biology.
Robert Koch used an ordinary microscope to discover the bacilli that caused tuberculosis and cholera, two of the most deadly diseases of his time. He lay the cornerstone to modern bacteriology.
Robert Koch, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1905
Sakmann and Neher made epoch-making investigations of living cells. They studied the function of nerve cells and expanded our knowledge of their function.
Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1991
These scientists studied the fruit fly (Drosophila) and expanded the knowledge of how an egg cell grows to become a complete organism. That is vital information in understanding the development of all living species.
Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1995
An excellent article regarding the microscope, and the aforementioned Nobel Prize winners and their contributions to human biology can be found at the following site:
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/physics/microscopes/discoveries/index.html
This site emphasizes the value the microscope has had on society, and suggests its prospective aid in the continuing research of human biology.
The use of a microscope enables us to understand how cells function. As early as 1595 the first microscopes were being produced. In 1660 significant improvements were made upon the original instrument. At this time microscopes were used to prove theories such as blood circulation and to research plant life. Microscopes have enabled realizations that could not have been made relying solely on the human eye. The microscope is a tremendous aid in researching human biology.
The following is a slide of a cheek smear being viewed at 40X. (Image One should be here).
Human cheek cells are fairly large and are an easy-to-obtain example of animal cells. (tweed.olemiss.edu/nmgk12/curriculum/elementary/fourth/microscopeandcells.doc).
The controls of a microscope can be adjusted accurately when looking both at and through the microscope.
It is best to adjust the stage and objectives when looking at the microscope.
The focus, iris, and oculars should all be adjusted when looking through the microscope.
The coarse focus knob moves the stage fast, while the fine focus knob moves more slowly. The coarse focus knob should be used to elevate the stage to the highest position possible, while first looking at the microscope. The fine focus knob can be used when looking through the viewfinder in order to sharpen the image of the specimen.
The iris controls the amount of light that can enter through to the slide. In order to brighten the image the iris should be opened. In order to darken the image, the iris should be more closed.
The oculars can be set evenly to begin and can then be fit to the face by moving in and out. The eyes of the viewer should be kept about three quarters of an inch away from the oculars. The oculars magnify the image for the viewer.
Lastly, the objectives determine the magnification of a specimen and the resolution at which the detail of the object can be seen. A smaller objective will result in a smaller amount of detail, as shown below. Compare this view of a cheek smear at 4X to the first cheek smear, viewed at 40X. The objectives are changed simply by rotating the dial.
Cheek smear viewed at 4X: (Image Three should be here).
Cheek smear viewed at 40X (Image Two should be here).
Several Nobel Prizes have been awarded to those who have used the microscope for the purpose of studying human biology.
Robert Koch used an ordinary microscope to discover the bacilli that caused tuberculosis and cholera, two of the most deadly diseases of his time. He lay the cornerstone to modern bacteriology.
Robert Koch, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1905
Sakmann and Neher made epoch-making investigations of living cells. They studied the function of nerve cells and expanded our knowledge of their function.
Bert Sakmann and Erwin Neher, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1991
These scientists studied the fruit fly (Drosophila) and expanded the knowledge of how an egg cell grows to become a complete organism. That is vital information in understanding the development of all living species.
Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard and Eric Wieschaus, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1995
An excellent article regarding the microscope, and the aforementioned Nobel Prize winners and their contributions to human biology can be found at the following site:
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/physics/microscopes/discoveries/index.html
This site emphasizes the value the microscope has had on society, and suggests its prospective aid in the continuing research of human biology.
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